Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of Menthol/Non Menthol Cigarettes and ENDS among US Youth (Ages 15 17) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013 2017) AUTHORS: Akash Patel, Jana Hirschtick, Bukola Usidame, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: POSTER_Patel_SRNT Annual Meeting Poster_01212021.pdf DESCRIPTION: Sociodemographic patterns of exclusive and dual use of menthol/non menthol cigarettes and ENDS can reveal disproportionately affected populations and inform future research, policies, and strategies. ...
Patterns of Tobacco Poly-Use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study: A Multistate Markov Transition Analysis AUTHORS: Fatema Shafie Khorassani, Andrew F. Brouwer, Jana L. Hirschtick, Rafael Meza, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: POSTER_SRNT21_poster_PolyTobaccoTransitions_fshafie.pdf DESCRIPTION: Goal: Estimate transition rates between single, dual, and poly tobacco use categories over time to help identify areas for policy intervention. Data: Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco ...
Trends in single-, dual-, and poly-tobacco use among US adults, 2014-2019: Results from two nationally representative surveys AUTHORS: Delvon T. Mattingly, Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Jana L. Hirschtick, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: POSTER_Mattingly SRNT 2021 Poster Polytobacco Trends V5.pdf DESCRIPTION: While numerous investigations of patterns of dual- and poly-tobacco use exist, trends in patterns of tobacco product use over time are not well documented.
Correlates of smoking cessation behaviors among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Results from the TUS-CPS 2018-2019 AUTHORS: Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Nancy L. Fleischer, Jana L. Hirschtick, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: POSTER_zavala_cessation_SRNT_2021_RM_lz_1.17.21_final.pdf DESCRIPTION: Few studies have examined the roles of e-cigarette frequency of use and device type in cigarette smoking cessation.. • Our study examines how e-cigarette frequency of use, device type, and flavorings ...
Flavoring patterns of exclusive and dual-use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among US adults. Results from the TUS-CPS 2018-2019 AUTHORS: Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Rafael Meza, Jana L. Hirschtick, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: POSTER_zavala_patterns_SRNT_2021_1_18_21_rm_FINAL.pdf DESCRIPTION: Describe the patterns of use of menthol/non-menthol cigarettes with flavored e-cigarettes (tobacco, menthol, sweet/spice/fruit, and other flavorings) among US adults.
Racial/ethnic disparities in cigarette and cigar prevalence and intensity of use among exclusive, dual, and polyusers AUTHORS: Jana L. Hirschtick, Akash Patel, Jihyoun Jeon, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: POSTER_Hirschtick_SRNT Annual Meeting_1.11.21.pdf DESCRIPTION: Racial/ethnic disparities in cigar prevalence and intensity of use are unclear in the context of exclusive use or concurrent use with cigarettes.
Expert Elicitation on the Effects of a Federal Menthol Ban AUTHORS: Christopher Cadham JOURNAL: SLIDES_SRNT2021_EEPresentation_01112021.pdf DESCRIPTION: • FDA announced its intention to ban menthol in cigarettes, effects remain unknown • Expert Elicitation can be used to quantify uncertainty • Has been used by FDA, EPA, NASA, and IPCC ...
The impact of current tobacco product use definitions on estimates of transitions between cigarette and e-cigarette use AUTHORS: Andrew F. Brouwer, David T. Levy, Jihyoun Jeon, Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, Luz María Sánchez-Romero, Ritesh Mistry, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: SLIDES_Brouwer SRNT 2021 definitions - no commentary.pdf
Retail availability of tobacco and cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth and adults: a scoping review. AUTHORS: Nargiz Travis, MSPH JOURNAL: SLIDES_SRNT2021_P-080_Travis.pdf DESCRIPTION: Current state of research • Limiting tobacco retailer availability may be an effective tobacco control strategy to reduce smoking and improve public health in the population • Understanding the ...
Prediction of COPD risk accounting for time-varying smoking exposures AUTHORS: Joanne T Chang, Rafael Meza, David T Levy, Douglas Arenberg, Jihyoun Jeon JOURNAL: Public Library of Science (PLoS One) DESCRIPTION: Rationale: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Studies have primarily assessed the relationship between smoking on COPD risk focusing on summary measures, like smoking status. Objective: Develop a COPD risk prediction model incorporating individual time-varying smoking exposures. Methods: The Nurses' Health Study (N = 86,711) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N = 39,817) data was used to develop a COPD risk prediction ...
Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force AUTHORS: Rafael Meza, Jihyoun Jeon, Iakovos Toumazis, Kevin Ten Haaf, Pianpian Cao, Mehrad Bastani, Summer S Han, Erik F Blom, Daniel E Jonas, Eric J Feuer, Sylvia K Plevritis, Harry J de Koning, Chung Yin Kong JOURNAL: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) DESCRIPTION: Importance: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is updating its 2013 lung cancer screening guidelines, which recommend annual screening for adults aged 55 through 80 years who have a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Objective: To inform the USPSTF guidelines by estimating the benefits and harms associated with various low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening strategies. Design, setting, and participants: Comparative ...
Comparison of e-cigarette use prevalence and frequency by smoking status among youth in the United States, 2014-19 AUTHORS: Jamie Tam, Andrew F Brouwer JOURNAL: Addiction DESCRIPTION: Background and aims: Reports of youth e-cigarette use often do not disaggregate by underlying smoking status. This study compared annual 2014-19 youth estimates of past 30-day e-cigarette use prevalence and frequency by smoking status in the United States. Design: Nationally representative, cross-sectional, school-based survey [National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS)]. General linear models accounting for complex survey design compared e-cigarette use prevalence by smoking status by year, overall ...
An estimation of the harm of menthol cigarettes in the United States from 1980 to 2018 AUTHORS: Thuy Tt Le, David Mendez JOURNAL: Tobacco control DESCRIPTION: Background: Menthol cigarettes are thought to encourage smoking initiation among youths and young adults and make it more difficult for smokers to quit, thus increasing cigarette harm. However, no study to date has quantified the damage that menthol cigarettes have caused the US population. Objective: To estimate the excess smoking prevalence, smoking initiation, and mortality in the US from 1980 through 2018 that can be attributed to menthol cigarettes. Methods: Using a well-established simulation ...
Trends in prevalence and sociodemographic and geographic patterns of current menthol cigarette use among U.S. adults, 2005-2015 AUTHORS: Delvon T Mattingly, Jana L Hirschtick, Rafael Meza, Nancy L Fleischer JOURNAL: Preventive medicine reports DESCRIPTION: Despite overall reductions in U.S. smoking prevalence, prior evidence suggests similar reductions may not have occurred for menthol cigarette users. This study examines nationally representative current menthol and non-menthol cigarette use prevalence and trends for adults (18+) overall and by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics using the 2005 (n = 31,132), 2010 (n = 26,967), and 2015 (n = 33,541) National Health Interview Survey. Between 2005 and 2015, non-menthol cigarette use decreased ...
Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use Among U.S. High School Students: A Comparison of Three Nationally Representative Surveys AUTHORS: Beomyoung Cho, Jana L. Hirschtick, Bukola Usidame, Rafael Meza, Ritesh Mistry, Stephanie R. Land, David T. Levy, Theodore Holford, Nancy L. Fleischer JOURNAL: Journal of Adolescent Health DESCRIPTION: Purpose: This study examines sociodemographic patterns of exclusive/dual/polytobacco use among U.S. high school students using multiple national surveys. Methods: Using three national youth surveys (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health [PATH] Wave 4 [2016–2017], 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and 2017 National Youth Tobacco Survey), we classified tobacco products into four groups: (1) electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), (2) conventional cigarettes (CCs), (3) other combustible ...
Trends in tobacco use among adolescents by grade, sex and race, 1991-2019 AUTHORS: Rafael Meza, Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, David T Levy JOURNAL: JAMA network open DESCRIPTION: QUESTION: How have trends in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco use among adolescents changed in recent years as e-cigarette use increased? FINDINGS: In this cross-sectional study of 1,297,362 US adolescents surveyed between 2011 and 2019, past 30-day and daily use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco decreased more rapidly since 2012 as e-cigarette use began to increase. Smoking and smokeless tobacco use reached historically low levels among adolescents in the US. MEANING: Despite it’s recent ...
Transitions between cigarette, ENDS and dual use in adults in the PATH study (waves 1-4): multistate transition modelling accounting for complex survey design AUTHORS: Andrew F Brouwer, Jihyoun Jeon, Jana L Hirschtick, Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, Ritesh Mistry, Irina V Bondarenko, Stephanie R Land, Theodore R Holford, David T Levy, Jeremy M G Taylor, Nancy L Fleischer, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: Tobacco Control DESCRIPTION: Introduction: Even prior to 2018, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) began to dramatically change the landscape of tobacco products and product use patterns in the USA. Methods: Using a Markov multistate transition model accounting for complex survey design, transition rates between never, non-current, cigarette, ENDS and dual use states were estimated for 23 253 adult participants in waves 1-4 (approximately 2013-2017) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. We made ...
Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use Among US Adults by Sociodemographic Factors: Results From 3 Nationally Representative Surveys AUTHORS: Jana L Hirschtick, Delvon T Mattingly, Beomyoung Cho, Luis Zavala Arciniega, David T Levy, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Jihyoun Jeon, Stephanie R Land, Ritesh Mistry, Rafael Meza, Nancy L Fleischer JOURNAL: American journal of health promotion DESCRIPTION: Purpose: To provide tobacco product use patterns for US adults by sociodemographic group. Design: A secondary analysis of Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2014-15), National Health Interview Survey (2015), and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2015-16). Setting: United States. Sample: Three nationally representative samples of adults (N = 28,070-155,067). Measures: All possible combinations of cigarette, Electronic Nicotine ...
Unpacking the Non-Hispanic Other Category: Differences in Patterns of Tobacco Product Use Among Youth and Adults in the United States, 2009-2018 AUTHORS: Delvon T Mattingly, Jana L Hirschtick, Nancy L Fleischer JOURNAL: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health DESCRIPTION: Studies investigating patterns of tobacco use by race often aggregate non-Black and non-Hispanic racial minorities into the “Other” category, masking important differences. Pooling 10 years (2009-2018) of National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (n = 52,424), we estimated the prevalence and proportion of individual tobacco product use and patterns of single, dual, and polytobacco use overall and by sex for youth (12-17) and adult (18 +) non-Hispanic Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native ...
A magic bullet? The potential impact of e-cigarettes on the toll of cigarette smoking AUTHORS: David Mendez, Kenneth E Warner JOURNAL: Nicotine & Tobacco Research DESCRIPTION: Introduction: We examine the proportion of U.S. smoking-produced mortality that e-cigarettes might eliminate under assumptions regarding vaping’s ability to increase smoking cessation, vaping’s health risks, and the possibility that vaping will increase smoking among young people. Methods: We employ a dynamic population simulation model that tracks individuals from ages 0-110, differentiated by gender and smoking status. Using data from the U.S. Census, the National Vital Statistics Reports, ...
Actual and Anticipated Effects of a Menthol Cigarette Ban: A Scoping Review AUTHORS: Christopher J. Cadham, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Nancy L. Fleischer, Ritesh Mistry, Jana L. Hirschtick, Rafael Meza, David T. Levy JOURNAL: BMC Public Health DESCRIPTION: The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, banned characterizing flavors in cigarettes; however, mentholated tobacco products were exempt. Since 2009, over 20 US jurisdictions and numerous countries around the world have extended this restriction to menthol. Currently, the FDA is reconsidering its position on a nation-wide menthol cigarette ban. However, the effects of such a ban remain unclear. We conducted a scoping ...
The Public Health Gains Had Cigarette Companies Chosen to Sell Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes AUTHORS: David T Levy, PhD, K Michael Cummings, PhD, MPH, Bryan W Heckman, PhD, Yameng Li, MS, Zhe Yuan, MS, Tracy T Smith, PhD, Rafael Meza, PhD JOURNAL: Nicotine & Tobacco Research DESCRIPTION: The US Food and Drug Administration has proposed lowering the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level to increase smoking cessation and reduce initiation. This study has two aims: 1) to determine when cigarette manufacturers had the technical capability to reduce cigarette nicotine content; and 2) to estimate the lost public health benefits of implementing a standard in 1965, 1975, or 1985.
An Analysis of the FTC’s Attempt to Stop the Altria-Juul Labs Deal AUTHORS: David T Levy, Clifford E. Douglas, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, K. Michael Cummings, David T. Sweanor JOURNAL: Tobacco Regulatory Science DESCRIPTION: On 20 December 2018, Altria, the largest US cigarette company, announced an offer for a 35% share of the large and rapidly growing vaping product company, Juul Labs. On 2 April, 2020, the Federal Trade Commission issued a complaint that the deal was anticompetitive and should be voided. This paper analyzes the deal. We find that the deal gives Altria market power in the e-cigarette market through its support of Juul in retail stores and through the agreement not to otherwise compete in the e-cigarette ...
Public Health Implications of Vaping in the US: The Smoking and Vaping Simulation Model AUTHORS: David T Levy, PhD, Jamie Tam, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Yameng Li, Zhe Yuan, Jihyoun Jeon, Rafael Meza JOURNAL: Population Health Metrics DESCRIPTION: Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) are increasingly popular worldwide. They may provide public health benefits if used as a substitute for smoking, but may create public health harms if used as a gateway to smoking or to discourage smoking cessation. This paper presents the Smoking and Vaping Model (SAVM), which estimates the public health implications of NVPs in the US.
How much of the future mortality toll of smoking can be avoided? AUTHORS: Kenneth E Warner, David Mendez JOURNAL: Tobacco Control DESCRIPTION: Employing a dynamic population simulation model, we estimate smoking’s expected mortality burden in the USA, measured as life-years lost (LYL), in a status-quo scenario run from 2018 through 2100. We then estimate LYL attributable to past smoking assuming that all smoking ceases at the end of 2017. We calculate the potential avoidable LYL, which we call the maximum potential reduction in premature mortality (MPRPM), as the difference between the two. We use data from the US Census Bureau, National ...
Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences AUTHORS: Shervin Assari JOURNAL: Children (Basel, Switzerland) DESCRIPTION: Background: Minorities' diminished returns (MDRs) refer to weaker effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental educational attainment and family income in generating tangible childhood outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities compared to the majority group, a pattern prevalent in the US. Our existing knowledge is minimal, however, about diminished returns of family SES on reducing exposure to childhood trauma.
Protective Effects of Parental Education Against Youth Cigarette Smoking: Diminished Returns of Blacks and Hispanics AUTHORS: Assari S, Mistry R, Caldwell CH, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics DESCRIPTION: High parental educational attainment is protective against youth health risk behaviors such as tobacco use. According to the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, however, higher parental education is less protective for marginalized groups relative to non-Hispanic Whites.
Parental Education and Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks’ Diminished Returns. AUTHORS: Assari S JOURNAL: Brain sciences DESCRIPTION: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth are at a higher risk of high-risk behaviors compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. Some of this racial gap is shown to be due to weaker effects of parental educational attainment on reducing the prevalence of behavioral risk factors such as impulsivity, substance use, aggression, obesity, and poor school performance for NHBs, a pattern called Minorities' Diminished Returns. These diminishing returns may be due to lower than expected effects of parental education ...
Minorities’ Diminished Returns of Parental Educational Attainment on Adolescents’ Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems AUTHORS: Assari S, Boyce S, Caldwell CH, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Children (Basel, Switzerland) DESCRIPTION: Aim: To compare racial groups for the effect of parental educational attainment on adolescents' social, emotional, and behavioral problems. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 10,762 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were included. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The main outcomes were 1) anxious and depressed mood, 2) withdrawn and depressed affect, 3) somatic complaints, 4) social and interpersonal problems, 5) thought problems, ...
Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Heart Disease Among Black Americans AUTHORS: Assari S, Cobb S, Saqib M, Bazargan M JOURNAL: The open cardiovascular medicine journal DESCRIPTION: Socioeconomic Status (SES) indicators, such as educational attainment, are social determinants of heart disease. Marginalization related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for racial and ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs also apply to the effects of education on heart disease.
Place-Based Diminished Returns of Parental Educational Attainment on School Performance of Non-Hispanic White Youth AUTHORS: Shervin Assari, Shanika Boyce, Mohsen Bazargan, Cleopatra H Caldwell, Marc A Zimmerman JOURNAL: Frontiers in education. DESCRIPTION: Background: Youth educational outcomes are a function of a wide range of factors including parental education level. This effect, however, is shown to be smaller for African American, Hispanic, and Asian American youth, a pattern called Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs). It is, however, unknown if it is race/ethnicity or other conditions associated with race/ethnicity (e.g., poor neighborhood quality) which reduces the marginal returns of parental education for youth.
Combined Effects of Ethnicity and Education on Burden of Depressive Symptoms over 24 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States AUTHORS: Assari S JOURNAL: Brain sciences DESCRIPTION: Ethnicity and educational attainment are among the major social determinants of depression in the general population. While high education credentials protect individuals against depressive symptoms, this protection may be weaker for ethnic minority groups such as Hispanic Whites compared to the majority group (non-Hispanic Whites). Built on marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs), the current study used 24-year follow-up data from a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older ...
Parental Educational Attainment and Black-White Adolescents’ Achievement Gap: Blacks’ Diminished Returns AUTHORS: Assari S, Boyce S, Caldwell C, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Open journal of social sciences DESCRIPTION: Recent research has documented Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), defined as weaker protective effects of parental educational attainment and other socioeconomic status (SES) indicators for racial and ethnic minority groups. To explore racial differences in the associations between parental educational attainment and youth educational outcomes among American high schoolers. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS-2002), a nationally representative ...
Parental educational attainment and relatives’ substance use of American youth: Hispanics Diminished Returns AUTHORS: Assari S, Caldwell C, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Journal of biosciences and medicines DESCRIPTION: Research on Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) has shown higher than expected substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) in middle-class Hispanic and Black youth and adults. In theory, some of this more than expected risk might be due to the high substance use problem of the social network. To better understand the role of social network as an explanatory mechanism behind higher than expected substance use of middle-class Hispanic and Black youth, this study tested MDRs of parental educational ...
Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Chronic Lung Disease in the U.S. AUTHORS: Assari S, Chalian H, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Research in health science DESCRIPTION: Higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment and income reduce the risk of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for marginalized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities compared to the socially privileged groups such as non-Hispanic Whites. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs ...
Social Determinants of Hookah Smoking in the United States AUTHORS: Shervin Assari, Hamid Chalian, Mohsen Bazargan JOURNAL: Journal of mental health & clinical psychology DESCRIPTION: Educational attainment and income are two socioeconomic status indicators with strong protective effects against cigarette smoking. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns, however, refer to less than expected protective effects of socioeconomic status indicators for the members of the racial and ethnic minority groups, particularly Blacks and Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
Association of Educational Attainment and Race/Ethnicity With Exposure to Tobacco Advertisement Among US Young Adults. AUTHORS: Assari S JOURNAL: JAMA Network Open DESCRIPTION: Associations of educational attainment with improved health outcomes have been found to be weaker among racial/ethnic minority groups compared with those among the racial/ethnic majority group. Recent research has also documented higher than expected prevalence of smoking in highly educated African American and Hispanic adults.
Educational Attainment and Tobacco Harm Knowledge Among American Adults: Diminished Returns of African Americans and Hispanics AUTHORS: Shervin Assari, Mohsen Bazargan JOURNAL: International journal of epidemiologic research DESCRIPTION: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to the smaller effects of educational attainment for ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. As a result of MDRs, research has documented more than expected tobacco use among Hispanics and African Americans (AAs) with high educational attainment. In theory, some of this increased risk may be due to lower tobacco harm knowledge. Accordingly, the present study compared ethnic groups for the association between educational attainment and tobacco ...
Second-Hand Smoke Exposure at Home in the United States; Minorities’ Diminished Returns AUTHORS: Assari S, Bazargan M JOURNAL: International journal of travel medicine and global health DESCRIPTION: Educational attainment and poverty status are two strong socioeconomic status (SES) indicators that protect individuals against exposure to second-hand smoke. Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, refer to smaller protective effects of SES indicators among ethnic minority groups such as Hispanics and Blacks, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This study explored ethnic differences in the effects of educational attainment and poverty status on second-hand smoke exposure in the homes of American ...
Association Between Parental Educational Attainment and Youth Outcomes and Role of Race/Ethnicity AUTHORS: Assari S, Caldwell CH, Bazargan M JOURNAL: JAMA network open DESCRIPTION: Importance: The concept of minorities' diminished returns refers to the smaller protective effects of educational attainment for racial and ethnic minority groups compared with those for majority groups. Objective: To explore racial and ethnic differences in the associations between parental educational attainment and youth outcomes among US adolescents. Design, setting, and participants: A cross-sectional study was performed of 10 619 youth aged 12 to 17 years who were participants at wave ...
Educational Attainment and Self-Rated Oral Health among American Older Adults: Hispanics’ Diminished Returns AUTHORS: Assari S, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Dentistry journal DESCRIPTION: Background: Minorities' diminished returns (MDRs) refer to systemically weaker effects of socioeconomic status (SES), particularly educational attainment, on the health of non-Whites compared to Whites. Aim: Using a nationally representative sample, we aimed to investigate ethnic differences in the effect of SES (educational attainment) on the self-rated oral health of Hispanic older adults in the US. Methods: This study analyzed the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging (UM-NPHA) ...
Diminished Returns of Income Against Cigarette Smoking Among Chinese Americans AUTHORS: Assari S JOURNAL: Introduction: Although educational attainment and income are protective against tobacco use, Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory posits that the protective effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators may be smaller for marginalized groups than mainstream social groups. We aimed to compare the effects of educational attainment and income on current smoking status of Chinese American and European American adults. Methods: Data came from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS - 2015). A total number of 28081 individuals entered our analysis. This included 420 Chinese Americans and 27661 European Americans. The independent variables were educational attainment (years of schooling) and annual income. The dependent variable was current established smoking status. Age, gender, region, and marital status were covariates. Ethnicity (Chinese American vs. European American) was the moderator. Results: Overall, educational attainment and income were inversely associated with the odds of current established smoking. Ethnicity showed a significant interaction with income but not educational attainment. This finding suggested that the protective effect of income, but not educational attainment, on odds of current established smoking might be smaller for Chinese Americans than European Americans.
Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth. AUTHORS: Assari S, Boyce S, Bazargan M, Mincy R, Caldwell CH JOURNAL: International journal of environmental research and public health DESCRIPTION: Parental educational attainment is shown to be protective against health problems; the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that these protective effects tend to be smaller for socially marginalized groups particularly blacks than whites.
Education Level and Cigarette Smoking: Diminished Returns of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals AUTHORS: Assari S, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) DESCRIPTION: Education level is one of the strongest protective factors against high-risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, suggest that the protective effects of education level tend to be weaker for racial and ethnic minority groups relative to non-Hispanic White people. Only two previous studies have shown that MDRs may also apply to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals; however, these studies have focused on outcomes other than tobacco use.
High Education Level Protects European Americans by Not African Americans Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: National Health Interview Survey AUTHORS: Assari S, Chalian H, Bazargan M JOURNAL: International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science
Race, Educational Attainment, and E-Cigarette Use AUTHORS: Assari S, Mistry R, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Journal of medical research and innovation
Altria-Juul Labs deal: why did it occur and what does it mean for the US nicotine delivery product market AUTHORS: Levy DT, Sweanor D, Sanchez-Romero LM, O’Connor R, Goniewicz ML, Borland R JOURNAL: Tobacco Control
Educational Attainment and Exercise Frequency in American Women; Blacks’ Diminished Returns AUTHORS: Assari S JOURNAL: Women’s Health Bulletin DESCRIPTION: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller protects health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators for Blacks and other minority groups than Whites.
Educational Attainment Better Increases the Chance of Breast Physical Exam for Non-Hispanic Than Hispanic American Women: National Health Interview Survey AUTHORS: Assari S, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Hospital practices and research
An Examination of the Variation in Estimates of E-Cigarette Prevalence among U.S. Adults AUTHORS: Levy DT, Yuan Z, Li Y, Mays D, Sanchez-Romero LM JOURNAL: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health DESCRIPTION: Accurate estimates of e-cigarette use are needed to gauge its impact on public health. We compared the results of online and traditional, large scale surveys and provide additional estimates from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey, with the aim of assessing the extent of variation in prevalence estimates.
Unequal Effects of Educational Attainment on Workplace Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke by Race and Ethnicity; Minorities’ Diminished Returns in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) AUTHORS: Assari S, Bazargan M JOURNAL: Journal of Medical Research and Innovation DESCRIPTION: One of the mechanisms by which high educational attainment promotes populations’ health is through reducing exposure to environmental risk factors such as second-hand smoke. Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that the protective effect of educational attainment may be smaller for racial and ethnic minority individuals particularly Blacks and Hispanics compared to Whites.
Social Determinants of Polypharmacy in First Generation Mexican Immigrants in the United States AUTHORS: Assari S, Saqib M, Wisseh C, Bazargan M JOURNAL: International journal of travel medicine and global health